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Ptolemy XII Auletes (ca. 111–51 bc). Illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX Soter II and successor to Ptolemy XI Alexander II as ruler of the Ptolemaic empire in Egypt.
Properly known as Ptolemy Neos Dionysos Philopator Philadelphos, the residents of Alexandria nicknamed him “Auletes” (“the flute player”) because of his devotion to Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and merrymaking. He came to the throne after the Alexandrians killed his uncle, Ptolemy XI, who had no heir (80 bc).
Ptolemy reigned from 80 to 58 bc, until the Alexandrians drove him out for not contesting the Roman seizure of Egyptian Cyprus, which was ruled by his brother. Later Rome forcibly returned him to the throne when he paid a sizeable bribe to the Roman general Gabinius (55 bc). He reigned until his death in 51 bc.
Ptolemy XII had several children, including his coregent successors, Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator.
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