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The Lexham Bible Dictionary
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Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (ca. 61–47 bc). Older son and successor of Ptolemy XII Auletes as ruler of the Ptolemaic empire.

Ptolemy XIII was coregent of Egypt with his sister-wife, Cleopatra VII. When he and his ally, Pothinus, tried to depose her, civil war erupted. At the same time, the Roman general Pompey sought refuge in Egypt from his pursuing rival, Julius Caesar. Ptolemy and Pothinus pretended to welcome Pompey, but then killed him and offered his head to Caesar—who responded by executing Pothinus and becoming the lover of Ptolemy’s wife, Cleopatra VII. When Ptolemy tried again to depose her, the combined forces of Caesar and Cleopatra were joined by Roman reinforcements. Ptolemy fled the Alexandrine War and drowned in the Nile River.

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