Psalm 78:14–40
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78:14He led them with a cloud by day,
and with the light of a fire all night long.
78:15He broke open rocks in the wilderness,
and gave them enough water to fill the depths of the sea.19
78:16He caused streams to flow from the rock,
and made the water flow like rivers.
78:17Yet they continued to sin against him,
and rebelled against the sovereign One20 in the desert.
78:18They willfully challenged God21
by asking for food to satisfy their appetite.
78:19They insulted God, saying,22
“Is God really able to give us food23 in the wilderness?
78:20Yes,24 he struck a rock and water flowed out,
streams gushed forth.
But can he also give us food?
Will he provide meat for his people?”
78:21When25 the Lord heard this, he was furious.
A fire broke out against Jacob,
and his anger flared up26 against Israel,
78:22because they did not have faith in God,
and did not trust his ability to deliver them.27
78:23He gave a command to the clouds above,
and opened the doors in the sky.
78:24He rained down manna for them to eat;
he gave them the grain of heaven.28
78:25Man ate the food of the mighty ones.29
He sent them more than enough to eat.30
78:26He brought the east wind through the sky,
and by his strength led forth the south wind.
78:27He rained down meat on them like dust,
birds as numerous as the sand on the seashores.31
78:28He caused them to fall right in the middle of their camp,
all around their homes.
78:29They ate until they were stuffed;32
he gave them what they desired.
78:30They were not yet filled up,33
their food was still in their mouths,
78:31when the anger of God flared up against them.
He killed some of the strongest of them;
he brought the young men of Israel to their knees.
78:32Despite all this, they continued to sin,
and did not trust him to do amazing things.34
78:33So he caused them to die unsatisfied35
and filled with terror.36
78:34When he struck them down,37 they sought his favor;38
they turned back and longed for God.
78:35They remembered that God was their protector,39
and that the sovereign God was their deliverer.40
78:36But they deceived him with their words,41
and lied to him.42
78:37They were not really committed to him,43
and they were unfaithful to his covenant.
78:38Yet he is compassionate.
He forgives sin and does not destroy.
He often holds back his anger,
and does not stir up his fury.44
78:39He remembered45 that they were made of flesh,
and were like a wind that blows past and does not return.46
78:40How often they rebelled against him in the wilderness,
and insulted him47 in the desert!
Footnotes
- 19 Heb “and caused them to drink, like the depths, abundantly.”
- 20 Heb “rebelling [against] the Most High.”
- 21 Heb “and they tested God in their heart.” The “heart” is viewed here as the center of their volition.
- 22 Heb “they spoke against God, they said.”
- 23 Heb “to arrange a table [for food].”
- 24 Heb “look.”
- 25 Heb “therefore.”
- 26 Heb “and also anger went up.”
- 27 Heb “and they did not trust his deliverance.”
- 28 Manna was apparently shaped like a seed (Exod 16:31), perhaps explaining why it is here compared to grain.
- 29 Because of the reference to “heaven” in the preceding verse, it is likely that mighty ones refers here to the angels of heaven. The translates “angels” here, as do a number of modern translations (, , ).
- 30 Heb “provision he sent to them to satisfaction.”
- 31 Heb “and like the sand of the seas winged birds.”
- 32 Heb “and they ate and were very satisfied.”
- 33 Heb “they were not separated from their desire.”
- 34 Heb “and did not believe in his amazing deeds.”
- 35 Heb “and he ended in vanity their days.”
- 36 Heb “and their years in terror.”
- 37 Or “killed them,” that is, killed large numbers of them.
- 38 Heb “they sought him.”
- 39 Heb “my high rocky summit.”
- 40 Heb “and [that] God Most High [was] their redeemer.”
- 41 Heb “with their mouth.”
- 42 Heb “and with their tongue they lied to him.”
- 43 Heb “and their heart was not firm with him.”
- 44 One could translate v. 38 in the past tense (“he was compassionate … forgave sin and did not destroy … held back his anger, and did not stir up his fury”), but the imperfect verbal forms are probably best understood as generalizing. Verse 38 steps back briefly from the narrational summary of Israel’s history and lays the theological basis for v. 39, which focuses on God’s mercy toward sinful Israel.
- 45 The prefixed verbal form with vav (ו) consecutive signals a return to the narrative.
- 46 Heb “and he remembered that they [were] flesh, a wind [that] goes and does not return.”
- 47 Or “caused him pain.”
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