Nicanor of Syria (Νικάνωρ, Nikanōr). Son of Patroclus. A Syrian general first under Antiochus IV Epiphanes and then under Demetrius I Soter who fought against the Jews in the Maccabean period. One of Demetrius’ “chief friends” (2 Macc 8:9).

Nicanor held a high position in Lysias’ campaign against the Jews after the defeat of Seron, the commander of the Syrian army under Antiochus Epiphanes. First and Second Maccabees disagree about his status; he was either one of three generals under Lysias (1 Macc 3:38) or the chief general—assisted by Gorgias, who had more experience (2 Macc 8:9). In either case, Judas Maccabeus defeated him at Emmaus in 166 bc.

Later, after Antiochus’ death, Lysias made peace with the Jews (1 Macc 6:55–63; 2 Macc 11:13–15). After Demetrius had killed Antiochus V Eupator and Lysias, Nicanor returned to Judaea, where he sent friendly messages to Judas Maccabeus, though it is unclear whether he was motivated by deceit or a desire for peace (compare 1 Macc 7:26–28 with 2 Macc 14:15–25).

Nicanor eventually attacked the Jews at Caphar-Salama, and later at Adasa. He died in the latter battle (1 Macc 7:43). The Jews cut off his head and right hand (1 Macc 7:47; 2 Macc 15:30). They commemorated the victory each year on Nicanor’s Day, the 13th of Adar (1 Macc 7:48–49).