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2:1–12 Classified as a royal psalm, Psa 2 was most likely used to celebrate the coronation of a new king. Because of its reference to the Messiah, it is quoted often in the nt. The psalmist first describes the plans the nations make against Yahweh (vv. 1–3), then shows Yahweh’s mocking reaction (vv. 4–6). After presenting the decree of Yahweh as He establishes His king (vv. 7–9), the psalmist warns the plotting nations to serve Yahweh and the newly established king (vv. 10–12). |
Messianic Psalms Table
Types of Psalms Table
2:1 nations Refers to hostile Gentile (non-Jewish) nations.
Nations ISBE
in vain The psalmist does not just describe the rebellious plot—he questions it and concludes it to be pointless. The Hebrew term used here, riq, describes a futile activity, one that expends energy without any positive result (Lev 26:16, 20).
2:2 anointed This can refer to any king anointed by Yahweh. Opposing a king anointed by Yahweh amounted to opposing God Himself (2 Sam 14–16). The apostles apply this passage to the death of Jesus (Acts 4:25–27).
The word used here in Psa 2, mashiach, is the word from which the term “Messiah” is derived. It is the Hebrew
equivalent of the Greek christos, often translated as “Christ.” Ultimately, Jesus fulfills the role of God’s Anointed (Matt 16:16; Mark 8:29; Luke 18:20; see note on Matt 1:1).
Messiah AYBD
Messiah ISBE
Hebrew GK #5417 NIDOTTE
Mashiyach TWOT
2:4 He who sits enthroned in the heavens laughs Yahweh reacts to this rebellion not with concern, but with laughter. The nations’ plots are futile (Psa 2:1). Knowing the outcome, Yahweh ridicules their efforts (37:13).
2:5 he speaks to them in his wrath While God laughs at the presumptuous plots of the nations, He also responds with anger. Disobedience triggers Yahweh’s anger (Deut 11:16–17; 29:24–28; Psa 78:21–22) and often results in disaster (Deut 11:17; 2 Kgs 23:26–27; Psa 60:1–3).
Wrath ISBE
2:6 I have set my king Yahweh announces the installation of His anointed king. Compare note on v. 2.
Zion Another name for the temple mount in Jerusalem or Jerusalem in general.
Zion Theology EBC Ps—So
my holy mountain A reference to the temple mount (15:1; 24:3).
2:7 You are my son Yahweh’s decree reiterates the Davidic covenant, in which Yahweh is the Davidic king’s “father” (2 Sam 7:14). Elsewhere, God refers to the entire nation as His son (Exod 4:22–23; Hos 11:1).
2:8 Ask from me The king’s privileged position enables him to ask Yahweh to extend his rule. The nations plotting together against Yahweh’s king can be delivered to the king at his request.
2:9 an iron rod Symbolizing authority and power (Psa 110:2; Gen 49:10). Iron symbolizes strength (Jer 1:18). This verse is alluded to several times in Revelation (Rev 2:27; 12:5; 19:15).
Scepter ISBE
2:11 Serve Yahweh with fear The psalmist warns the nations (mentioned in Psa 2:1–3) to give up their futile plots and serve Yahweh. Rather than try to break free from God’s rule, they should rejoice in serving Him.
2:12 Kiss the Son An indication of allegiance (1 Sam 10:1; 1 Kgs 19:18).
you perish on the way God will eventually judge the wicked who have rebelled against him. See note on Psa 1:6.
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About Faithlife Study BibleFaithlife Study Bible (FSB) is your guide to the ancient world of the Old and New Testaments, with study notes and articles that draw from a wide range of academic research. FSB helps you learn how to think about interpretation methods and issues so that you can gain a deeper understanding of the text. |
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