Introduction to Psalms

Types of Psalms Table

Biblical Poetry

How to Study the Bible

1:1 Blessed is The Hebrew term used here, ashre, describes someone who is privileged or happy. Wisdom Literature commonly uses this expression to indicate someone who is fortunate or privileged (Job 5:17; Pr 3:13; 28:14). Its Greek equivalent—makarios—is found in Jesus’ beatitudes (Matt 5:3–11).

does not walk in the advice of The three functions described here—counsel, way, and seat—emphasize that the righteous avoid thinking like, behaving like, and dealing with the wicked.

mockers This common Hebrew Wisdom Literature term, zed, describes an arrogant fool who refuses discipline and correction (Prov 13:1; 15:12; 21:24).

The Fool in Proverbs

1:2 in the law of Yahweh is his delight Instead of associating with the wicked, the blessed person takes pleasure in God’s Law. The Law (torah) of Yahweh can refer specifically to the Mosaic law or more generally to the instruction of God.

he meditates The Hebrew word used here, hagah, means “to murmur” or “read aloud.” It has the connotation of pondering over something.

1:3 like a tree The psalmist compares a blessed person to a tree: stable, well nourished, fruitful, and prosperous (Psa 92:12–14; Jer 17:7–8).

1:4 chaff The husks and stalks of wheat blown away by the wind as grain is winnowed.

1:5 the congregation of The term edah (“congregation” or “assembly”) often refers to the people of Israel (Exod 16:22; 38:25). Here, it likely refers more generally to all of God’s people.

1:6 Yahweh knows the way of The way of the righteous extends beyond knowledge to a deep level of understanding (Psa 139:23–24). God cares for and protects His people (31:7–8).

the way of the wicked will perish This can refer to ultimate destruction (9:6; 37:20) or to the frustration of hopes or plans (112:10).