³You shall not eat any detestable thing. ⁴These are the animals you may eat: ox, sheep, goats,^e ⁵deer, gazelle, roebuck, wild goat, ibex, antelope, and mountain sheep. ⁶And any animal having a split hoof^f and so a dividing of the hoof into two parts^g and that chews the cud^h among the animalsⁱ—that animal you may eat. ⁷Only these you may not eat from those chewing the cud^j and from those having a division of the hoof:^k the camel and the hare and the coney, because they chew the cud,^l but they do not divide the hoof; they are therefore unclean for you. ⁸And also the pig because it has a division of the hoof^m but does not chew the cud;ⁿ it is unclean for you; from their meat you shall not eat, and you shall not touch their carcasses.^o

⁹“This is what you shall eat from all that is in the water: everything^p that has fins and scales^q you may eat. ¹⁰But anything that does not have^r fins and scales, you may not eat, for it is unclean for you.

¹¹“All of the birds that are clean you may eat. ¹²Now these are the ones you shall not eat any of them:^s the eagle and the vulture and the short-toed eagle,^t ¹³and the red kite^u and the black kite or any kind of falcon,^v ¹⁴and any kind of crow^w according to its kind, ¹⁵and the ostrich^x and the short-eared owl and the seagull^y and the hawk according to its kind, ¹⁶the little owl and the great owl and the barn owl,^z ¹⁷and the desert owl^a and the carrion vulture^b and the cormorant,^c ¹⁸and the stork and the heron according to its kind and the hoopoe and the bat. ¹⁹And also all of the winged insects;^d they are unclean for you; you shall not eat them. ²⁰You may eat any clean bird.

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Footnotes

eLiterally “small livestock of the sheep and a small livestock of the goats”
fOr “divides the hoof”
gLiterally “a dividing cleft creating two hoofs”
hLiterally “and that brings up the cud”
iHebrew “animal”
jLiterally “bringing up the cud”
kLiterally “those having a division of the hoof divided”
lLiterally “they bringing up of the cud”
mLiterally “because a division of the hoof”
nLiterally “but not a chewing cud”
oLiterally “dead body”
pLiterally “all of that”
qLiterally “for it is fins and scales,” showing possession of these features
rLiterally “all of that there is not for it,” showing lack of possession of these features
sLiterally “from them”
tThis list of birds is difficult to translate since the terms are not definitely known: e.g., some translations render the last bird as a “buzzard” (NASV); other translations give different names for all three: griffon vulture, black vulture, bearded vulture (NEB)
uVarious options are available: large bird, kite, red kite, glede, buzzard
vLiterally “or the falcon according to its kind”; other options for falcon: bird, falcon, kite (others as carrion-bird), vulture, crow or raven, buzzard
wOr others translate as “raven”
xLiterally “daughter of the ostrich”; others “desert owl”
yOr “long-eared owl”
zOr “white owl”
aOr “large bird” or “horned-owl”
bOr “large bird”
cOr “large bird,” or “fisher-owl”
dLiterally “the swarmers of the flyers” or “all the swarms of things that fly”