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48:1–47 Apart from the oracles against Babylon, this oracle of judgment on Moab is the longest of Jeremiah’s oracles against the nations. Moab was a close neighbor of Judah, located across the Jordan east of the Dead Sea. It also was a traditional enemy of Israel and Judah (Num 22–24; 2 Kgs 3). This oracle describes the distress of a foreign invasion sweeping across Moab. Many of the locations mentioned are unknown. Jeremiah’s oracle shares some imagery with the oracles against Moab in Isa 15–16. |
48:1 Moab Judah’s neighbor east of the Dead Sea in the Transjordan. The nation was related to Israel through Abraham’s nephew, Lot (Gen 19:37). See note on Isa 15:1.
Nebo Probably referring to Mount Nebo in northern Moab. See Deut 32:49.
Kiriathaim A Moabite city near Mount Nebo assigned to the Israelite tribe of Reuben (Num 32:37).
48:2 Heshbon A city
in northern Moab, in an area sometimes controlled by Israel (Num 32:37). See note on Isa 15:4.
Madmen Location unknown. The name may have been used for wordplay reasons with the verb damam, which is variously translated as “to silence” or “to cut down.”
48:3 Horonaim Location unknown. Compare Isa 15:5 and note.
48:5 Luhith In southwest Moab. See Isa 15:5 and note.
48:7 Chemosh Moab’s patron deity (see note on Num 21:29). The idol of a conquered people was sometimes carried off as part of the spoil (see note on Jer 43:12; Isa 46:2 and note).
Chemosh AYBD
Chemosh DDD
48:8 the destroyer will come to every town Nebuchadnezzar campaigned in Moab in 582 bc.
48:13 Then Moab will be ashamed of Chemosh Moab’s fundamental sin was also idolatry, just as Israel’s and Judah’s had been before their destruction.
48:18 Dibon A city in the Transjordan east of the Dead Sea and north of the Arnon River. See Josh 13:9 and note.
48:19 Aroer A city just southeast of Dibon. Aroer was situated on the northern rim of the canyon formed by the Arnon River.
Aroer ISBE
48:20 by Arnon A river flowing into the east side of the Dead Sea. See note on Isa 16:2.
Arnon AEHL
48:21–24 The judgment on Moab is emphasized through a list of 12 locations, but the identification of most of them is speculative—even for those mentioned elsewhere in the ot. The point is that the entire territory is affected. Compare the lengthy list of nations to experience Yahweh’s wrath, given in Jer 25:19–26. |
48:25 The horn of Moab is cut off In the Hebrew text, the reference to Moab’s “horn” invokes a symbol of strength and royal or divine power. See note on Ezek 29:21; compare note on Dan 7:7.
Horn DBI
Horn ISBE
48:29 We have heard of the pride of Moab Compare Isa 16:6 for nearly identical imagery as in Jer 48:29–30.
48:31 over Moab I wail Compare Isa 16:11.
48:32 More than the weeping of Jazer I weep for you See Isa 16:9 and note.
48:33 joy and rejoicing have been taken away Compare Isa 16:10.
48:34 From the cry for help of Heshbon In northern Moab. Compare Isa 15:4–5.
Eglath-shelishiyah In southern Moab. See Isa 15:5 and note.
even the waters of Nimrim have become as a desolation See Isa 15:6 and note.
48:37 every head is baldness The practices described in this verse reflect mourning rituals over the national distress. See Jer 41:5 and note; compare Isa 15:2–3.
48:43 Dread, and pit, and a trapping net Compare Isa 24:17–18, and see note on Isa 24:18.
48:45 from Sihon An Amorite king who opposed Israel. Heshbon was his city. See Num 21:21–26.
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