Ruth 1:6

Footnotes

1. 17 Heb “and she arose, along with her daughters-in-law, and she returned from the region of Moab.”
2. 18 Heb “in the region of Moab”; , “in the country of Moab.” Since this is a repetition of the phrase found earlier in the verse, it has been shortened to “in Moab” in the present translation for stylistic reasons.
3. 19 Heb “had visited” or “taken note of.” The basic meaning of פָּקַד (paqad) is “observe, examine, take note of” (T. F. Williams, 3:), so it sometimes appears with זָכַר (zakhar, “to remember”; Pss 8:4 [ 5]; 106:4; Jer 14:10; 15:15; Hos 8:13; 9:9) and רָאָה (ra’ah, “to see”; Exod 4:31; Ps 80:14 [ 15]; 3:). It often emphasizes the cause/effect response to what is seen ( 3:). When God observes people in need, it is glossed “be concerned about, care for, attend to, help” (Gen 21:1; 50:24, 25; Exod 4:31; Ruth 1:6; 1 Sam 2:21; Jer 15:15; Zeph 2:7; Zech 10:3b; 3:). When humans are the subject, it sometimes means “to visit” needy people to bestow a gift (Judg 15:1; 1 Sam 17:18). Because it has such a broad range of meanings, its use here has been translated variously: (1) “had visited” (, , , ; so 823–24 פָּקַד); (2) “had considered” () and “had taken note of” (TNK; so פקד); and (3) “had come to the aid of” (), “had blessed” (), and “had given” (; so 3:). When God observed the plight of his people, he demonstrated his concern by benevolently giving them food.
4. 20 Heb “by giving to them food.” The translation “reversing the famine and providing abundant crops” attempts to clarify the referent of לֶחֶם (lekhem, “food”) as “crops” and highlights the reversal of the famine that began in v. 1. The infinitive construct לָתֵת לָהֶם לָחֶם (latet lahem lakhem) may denote (1) purpose: “[he visited his people] to give them food” or (2) complementary sense explaining the action of the main verb: “[he visited his people] by giving them food.” The term לֶחֶם (lakhem) here refers to agricultural fertility, the reversal of the famine in v. 1.