Logos Bible Study

Psalm 89:19–29

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89:19Then you32 spoke through a vision to your faithful followers33 and said:

“I have energized a warrior;34

I have raised up a young man35 from the people.

89:20I have discovered David, my servant.

With my holy oil I have anointed him as king.36

89:21My hand will support him,37

and my arm will strengthen him.

89:22No enemy will be able to exact tribute38 from him;39

a violent oppressor will not be able to humiliate him.40

89:23I will crush his enemies before him;

I will strike down those who hate him.

89:24He will experience my faithfulness and loyal love,41

and by my name he will win victories.42

89:25I will place his hand over the sea,

his right hand over the rivers.43

89:26He will call out to me,

‘You are my father,44 my God, and the protector who delivers me.’45

89:27I will appoint him to be my firstborn son,46

the most exalted of the earth’s kings.

89:28I will always extend my loyal love to him,

and my covenant with him is secure.47

89:29I will give him an eternal dynasty,48

and make his throne as enduring as the skies above.49

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Footnotes

  1. 32 The pronoun “you” refers to the Lord, who is addressed here. The quotation that follows further develops the announcement of vv. 3–4.
  2. 33 Many medieval read the singular here, “your faithful follower.” In this case the statement refers directly to Nathan’s oracle to David (see 2 Sam 7:17).
  3. 34 Heb “I have placed help upon a warrior.”
  4. 35 Or perhaps “a chosen one.”
  5. 36 The words “as king” are supplied in the translation for clarification, indicating that a royal anointing is in view.
  6. 37 Heb “with whom my hand will be firm.”
  7. 38 Heb “an enemy will not exact tribute.” The imperfect is understood in a modal sense, indicating capability or potential.
  8. 39 The translation understands the Hiphil of נָשַׁא (nasha’) in the sense of “act as a creditor.” This may allude to the practice of a conqueror forcing his subjects to pay tribute in exchange for “protection.” Another option is to take the verb from a homonymic verbal root meaning “to deceive,” “to trick.” Still another option is to emend the form to יִשָּׂא (yisa’), a Qal imperfect from נָאַשׂ (na’as, “rise up”) and to translate “an enemy will not rise up against him” (see M. Dahood, Psalms [], 2:).
  9. 40 Heb “and a son of violence will not oppress him.” The imperfect is understood in a modal sense, indicating capability or potential. The reference to a “son of violence” echoes the language of God’s promise to David in 2 Sam 7:10 (see also 1 Chr 17:9).
  10. 41 Heb “and my faithfulness and my loyal love [will be] with him.”
  11. 42 Heb “and by my name his horn will be lifted up.” The horn of an ox underlies the metaphor (see Deut 33:17; 1 Kgs 22:11; Ps 92:10). The horn of the wild ox is frequently a metaphor for military strength; the idiom “exalt/lift up the horn” signifies military victory (see 1 Sam 2:10; Pss 75:10; 92:10; Lam 2:17).
  12. 43 Some identify “the sea” as the Mediterranean and “the rivers” as the Euphrates and its tributaries. However, it is more likely that “the sea” and “the rivers” are symbols for hostile powers that oppose God and the king (see v. 9, as well as Ps 93:3–4).
  13. 44 You are my father. The Davidic king was viewed as God’s “son” (see 2 Sam 7:14; Ps 2:7). The idiom reflects ancient Near Eastern adoption language associated with covenants of grant, by which a lord would reward a faithful subject by elevating him to special status, referred to as “sonship.” Like a son, the faithful subject received an “inheritance,” viewed as an unconditional, eternal gift. Such gifts usually took the form of land and/or an enduring dynasty. See M. Weinfeld, “The Covenant of Grant in the Old Testament and in the Ancient Near East,” 90 (1970): 184–203, for general discussion and some striking extra-biblical parallels.
  14. 45 Heb “the rocky summit of my deliverance.”
  15. 46 The firstborn son typically had special status and received special privileges.
  16. 47 Heb “forever I will keep for him my loyal love and will make my covenant secure for him.”
  17. 48 Heb “and I will set in place forever his offspring.”
  18. 49 Heb “and his throne like the days of the heavens.”

The NET Bible First Edition, Copyright 1996-2005 by Biblical Studies Press

In other versions

ESVEnglish Standard Version

Of old you spoke in a vision to your godly one, and said:

“I have granted help to one who is mighty;

I have exalted one chosen from the people.

I have found David, my servant;

with my holy oil I have anointed him,

so that my hand shall be established with him;

my arm also shall strengthen him.

The enemy shall not outwit him;

the wicked shall not humble him.

I will crush his foes before him

and strike down those who hate him.

My faithfulness and my steadfast love shall be with him,

and in my name shall his horn be exalted.

I will set his hand on the sea

and his right hand on the rivers.

He shall cry to me, ‘You are my Father,

my God, and the Rock of my salvation.’

And I will make him the firstborn,

the highest of the kings of the earth.

My steadfast love I will keep for him forever,

and my covenant will stand firm for him.

I will establish his offspring forever

and his throne as the days of the heavens.

Copyright 2001 Crossway Bibles

NIVNew International Version (2011)

Once you spoke in a vision,

to your faithful people you said:

“I have bestowed strength on a warrior;

I have raised up a young man from among the people.

I have found David my servant;

with my sacred oil I have anointed him.

My hand will sustain him;

surely my arm will strengthen him.

The enemy will not get the better of him;

the wicked will not oppress him.

I will crush his foes before him

and strike down his adversaries.

My faithful love will be with him,

and through my name his horn will be exalted.

I will set his hand over the sea,

his right hand over the rivers.

He will call out to me, ‘You are my Father,

my God, the Rock my Savior.’

And I will appoint him to be my firstborn,

the most exalted of the kings of the earth.

I will maintain my love to him forever,

and my covenant with him will never fail.

I will establish his line forever,

his throne as long as the heavens endure.

Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 Biblica, Inc.

CSBChristian Standard Bible

You once spoke in a vision to your faithful ones

and said, “I have granted help to a warrior;

I have exalted one chosen from the people.

I have found David my servant;

I have anointed him with my sacred oil.

My hand will always be with him,

and my arm will strengthen him.

The enemy will not oppress him;

the wicked will not afflict him.

I will crush his foes before him

and strike those who hate him.

My faithfulness and love will be with him,

and through my name

his horn will be exalted.

I will extend his power to the sea

and his right hand to the rivers.

He will call to me, ‘You are my Father,

my God, the rock of my salvation.’

I will also make him my firstborn,

greatest of the kings of the earth.

I will always preserve my faithful love for him,

and my covenant with him will endure.

I will establish his line forever,

his throne as long as heaven lasts.

Copyright 2017 Holman Bible Publishers

NLTNew Living Translation

Long ago you spoke in a vision to your faithful people.

You said, “I have raised up a warrior.

I have selected him from the common people to be king.

I have found my servant David.

I have anointed him with my holy oil.

I will steady him with my hand;

with my powerful arm I will make him strong.

His enemies will not defeat him,

nor will the wicked overpower him.

I will beat down his adversaries before him

and destroy those who hate him.

My faithfulness and unfailing love will be with him,

and by my authority he will grow in power.

I will extend his rule over the sea,

his dominion over the rivers.

And he will call out to me, ‘You are my Father,

my God, and the Rock of my salvation.’

I will make him my firstborn son,

the mightiest king on earth.

I will love him and be kind to him forever;

my covenant with him will never end.

I will preserve an heir for him;

his throne will be as endless as the days of heaven.

Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers. All rights reserved.

LEBThe Lexham English Bible

Formerly you spoke in a vision

to your faithful ones, and said,

“I have bestowed help on a mighty man;

I have exalted one chosen from the people.

I have found David, my servant.

With my holy oil I have anointed him,

with whom my hand will be steadfast.

Surely my arm will strengthen him.

The enemy will not deceive him,

and no evil man will afflict him.

But I will crush his adversaries before him,

and I will strike those who hate him.

And so my faithfulness

and my loyal love will be with him,

and in my name his horn will rise up.

And I will set his hand on the sea

and his right hand on the rivers.

He will call out to me, ‘You are my Father,

my God, and the rock of my salvation.’

I will also make him the firstborn,

the highest of the kings of the earth.

Forever I will keep my loyal love for him,

and my covenant will be reliable for him.

I will also establish his offspring forever,

and his throne as the days of the heavens.

Copyright 2012 Lexham Press

KJV 1900King James Version

Then thou spakest in vision to thy holy one,

And saidst, I have laid help upon one that is mighty;

I have exalted one chosen out of the people.

I have found David my servant;

With my holy oil have I anointed him:

With whom my hand shall be established:

Mine arm also shall strengthen him.

The enemy shall not exact upon him;

Nor the son of wickedness afflict him.

And I will beat down his foes before his face,

And plague them that hate him.

But my faithfulness and my mercy shall be with him:

And in my name shall his horn be exalted.

I will set his hand also in the sea,

And his right hand in the rivers.

He shall cry unto me, Thou art my father,

My God, and the rock of my salvation.

Also I will make him my firstborn,

Higher than the kings of the earth.

My mercy will I keep for him for evermore,

And my covenant shall stand fast with him.

His seed also will I make to endure for ever,

And his throne as the days of heaven.

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