Psalm 138

Footnotes

1. 12 Psalm 138. The psalmist vows to thank the Lord for his deliverance and protection.
2. 1 The referent of the Hebrew term אֱלֹהִים (’elohim) is unclear. It refers either to the angelic assembly (see Gen 3:5; Ps 8:5) or to the pagan gods (see Pss 82:1, 6; 86:8; 97:7), in which case the psalmist’s praise takes on a polemical tone.
3. 2 The reads, “for you have made great over all your name your word.” If retained, this must mean that God’s mighty intervention, in fulfillment of his word of promise, surpassed anything he had done prior to this. However, the statement is odd and several emendations have been proposed. Some read, “for you have exalted over everything your name and your word,” while others suggest, “for you have exalted over all the heavens your name and your word.” The translation assumes an emendation of “your name” to “your heavens” (a construction that appears in Pss 8:3 and 144:5). The point is that God has been faithful to his promise and the reliability of that promise is apparent to all. For a fuller discussion of these options, see L. C. Allen, Psalms 101–150 (), .
4. 3 Heb “in the day.”
5. 4 Heb “you made me bold in my soul [with] strength.”
6. 5 The prefixed verbal forms here and in the following verse are understood as jussives, for the psalmist appears to be calling upon the kings to praise God. Another option is to take them as imperfects and translate, “the kings of the earth will give thanks … and will sing.” In this case the psalmist anticipates a universal response to his thanksgiving song.
7. 6 Heb “the words of your mouth.”
8. 7 Heb “ways.”
9. 8 Heb “great.”
10. 9 Or “distress.”
11. 10 Heb “against the anger of my enemies you extend your hand.”
12. 11 Heb “avenges on my behalf.” For the meaning “to avenge” for the verb גָּמַר (gamar), see גמר.
13. 12 Heb “the works of your hands.” Many medieval Hebrew read the singular, “work of your hands.”