^23:23The Lord spoke to Moses: ^23:24“Tell the Israelites, ‘In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you must have a complete rest, a memorial announced by loud horn blasts,³⁶ a holy assembly. ^23:25You must not do any regular work, but³⁷ you must present a gift to the Lord.’ ”

The Day of Atonement

^23:26The Lord spoke to Moses: ^23:27“The³⁸ tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement.³⁹ It is to be a holy assembly for you, and you must humble yourselves⁴⁰ and present a gift to the Lord. ^23:28You must not do any work on this particular day,⁴¹ because it is a day of atonement to make atonement for yourselves⁴² before the Lord your God. ^23:29Indeed,⁴³ any person who does not behave with humility on this particular day will be cut off from his people.⁴⁴^23:30As for any person⁴⁵ who does any work on this particular day, I will exterminate⁴⁶ that person from the midst of his people!⁴⁷^23:31You must not do any work. This is a perpetual statute throughout your generations⁴⁸ in all the places where you live. ^23:32It is a Sabbath of complete rest for you, and you must humble yourselves on the ninth day of the month in the evening, from evening until evening you must observe your Sabbath.”⁴⁹

The Festival of Booths

^23:33The Lord spoke to Moses: ^23:34“Tell the Israelites, ‘On the fifteenth day of this seventh month is the Festival of Temporary Shelters⁵⁰ for seven days to the Lord. ^23:35On the first day is a holy assembly; you must do no regular work.⁵¹^23:36For seven days you must present a gift to the Lord. On the eighth day there is to be a holy assembly for you, and you must present a gift to the Lord. It is a solemn assembly day;⁵² you must not do any regular work.

^23:37“ ‘These are the appointed times of the Lord that you must proclaim as holy assemblies to present a gift to the Lord—burnt offering, grain offering, sacrifice, and drink offerings,⁵³ each day according to its regulation,⁵⁴^23:38besides⁵⁵ the Sabbaths of the Lord and all your gifts, votive offerings, and freewill offerings which you must give to the Lord.

^23:39“ ‘On⁵⁶ the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you gather in the produce of the land, you must celebrate a pilgrim festival of the Lord for seven days. On the first day is a complete rest and on the eighth day is complete rest. ^23:40On the first day you must take for yourselves branches from majestic trees⁵⁷—palm branches, branches of leafy trees, and willows of the brook—and you must rejoice before the Lord your God for seven days. ^23:41You must celebrate it as a pilgrim festival to the Lord for seven days in the year. This is a perpetual statute throughout your generations;⁵⁸ you must celebrate it in the seventh month. ^23:42You must live in temporary shelters⁵⁹ for seven days; every native citizen in Israel must live in temporary shelters, ^23:43so that your future generations may know that I made the Israelites live in temporary shelters when I brought them out from the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God.’ ”

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Footnotes

36 Heb “a memorial of loud blasts.” Although the term for “horn” does not occur here, allowing for the possibility that vocal “shouts” of acclamation are envisioned (see P. J. Budd, Leviticus [], 325), the “blast” of the shofar (a trumpet made from a ram’s “horn”) is most likely what is intended. On this occasion, the loud blasts on the horn announced the coming of the new year on the first day of the seventh month (see the explanations in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [], , and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [], ).
37 Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have adversative force here (cf. , , ).
38 Heb “Surely the tenth day” or perhaps “Precisely the tenth day.” The Hebrew adverbial particle אַךְ (’akh) is left untranslated by most recent English versions; cf. however “On exactly the tenth day.”
39 See the description of this day and its regulations in Lev 16 and the notes there.
40 Heb “you shall humble your souls.” See the note on above.
41 Heb “in the bone of this day.”
42 Heb “on you [plural]”; cf. , “on your behalf.”
43 The particular כִּי (ki) is taken in an asseverative sense here (“Indeed,” see the translation).
44 Heb “it [i.e., that person; literally “soul,” feminine] shall be cut off from its peoples [plural]”; “from the community.”
45 Heb “And any person.”
46 See I אבד hif. Cf. , , , , “destroy”; “wipe out.”
47 Heb “its people” (“its” is feminine to agree with “person,” literally “soul,” which is feminine in Hebrew; cf. v. 29).
48 Heb “for your generations.”
49 Heb “you shall rest your Sabbath.”
50 The rendering “booths” (cf. , , ) is probably better than the traditional “tabernacles” in light of the meaning of the term סֻכָּה (sukkah, “hut, booth”), but “booths” are frequently associated with trade shows and craft fairs in contemporary American English. The nature of the celebration during this feast (see the following verses) as a commemoration of the wanderings of the Israelites after they left Egypt suggests that a translation like “temporary shelters” is more appropriate.
51 Heb “work of service”; “servile work”; “laborious work”; “daily work.”
52 The Hebrew term עֲצֶרֶת (’atseret) “solemn assembly [day]” derives from a root associated with restraint or closure. It could refer either to the last day as “closing assembly” day of the festival (e.g., ) or a special day of restraint expressed in a “solemn assembly” (e.g., ); cf. “a solemn closing assembly.”
53 The has “[their] burnt offerings, and their sacrifices, and their drink offerings.”
54 Heb “a matter of a day in its day”; “as prescribed for each day”; , “each on its proper day.”
55 Heb “from to separation.” See 94 בַּד 1.e for an explanation of this phrase. This phrase is repeated in front of each of the four items in this verse in the Hebrew text, but these have not been translated into English for stylistic reasons. Cf. , “besides”; “apart from.”
56 Heb “Surely on the fifteenth day.” The Hebrew adverbial particle אַךְ (’akh) is left untranslated by most recent English versions; however, cf. “On exactly the fifteenth day.”
57 Heb “fruit of majestic trees,” but the following terms and verses define what is meant by this expression. For extensive remarks on the celebration of this festival in history and tradition see B. A. Levine, Leviticus (), ; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (), ; and P. J. Budd, Leviticus (), 328–29.
58 Heb “for your generations.”
59 Heb “in the huts” (again at the end of this verse and in v. 43), perhaps referring to temporary shelters (i.e., huts) made of the foliage referred to in v. 40 (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [], ).