^10:10The primary regions³⁴ of his kingdom were Babel,³⁵ Erech,³⁶ Akkad,³⁷ and Calneh³⁸ in the land of Shinar.³⁹^10:11From that land he went⁴⁰ to Assyria,⁴¹ where he built Nineveh,⁴² Rehoboth-Ir,⁴³ Calah,⁴⁴^10:12and Resen, which is between Nineveh and the great city Calah.⁴⁵

^10:13Mizraim⁴⁶ was the father of⁴⁷ the Ludites,⁴⁸ Anamites,⁴⁹ Lehabites,⁵⁰ Naphtuhites,⁵¹^10:14Pathrusites,⁵² Casluhites⁵³ (from whom the Philistines came),⁵⁴ and Caphtorites.⁵⁵

^10:15Canaan was the father of⁵⁶ Sidon his firstborn,⁵⁷ Heth,⁵⁸^10:16the Jebusites,⁵⁹ Amorites,⁶⁰ Girgashites,⁶¹^10:17Hivites,⁶² Arkites,⁶³ Sinites,⁶⁴^10:18Arvadites,⁶⁵ Zemarites,⁶⁶ and Hamathites.⁶⁷ Eventually the families of the Canaanites were scattered

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Footnotes

34 Heb “beginning.” E. A. Speiser, Genesis (), , suggests “mainstays,” citing Jer 49:35 as another text where the Hebrew noun is so used.
35 Or “Babylon.”
36 Erech (ancient Uruk, modern Warka), one of the most ancient civilizations, was located southeast of Babylon.
37 Akkad, or ancient Agade, was associated with Sargon and located north of Babylon.
38 No such place is known in Shinar (i.e., Babylonia). Therefore some have translated the Hebrew term כַלְנֵה (khalneh) as “all of them,” referring to the three previous names (cf. ).
39 Shinar is another name for Babylonia.
40 The subject of the verb translated “went” is probably still Nimrod. However, it has also been interpreted that “Ashur went,” referring to a derivative power.
41 Heb “Asshur.”
42 Nineveh was an ancient Assyrian city situated on the Tigris River.
43 The name Rehoboth-Ir means “and broad streets of a city,” perhaps referring to a suburb of Nineveh.
44 Calah (modern Nimrud) was located twenty miles north of Nineveh.
45 Heb “and Resen between Nineveh and Calah; it [i.e., Calah] is the great city.”
46 Mizraim is the Hebrew name for Egypt (cf. ).
47 Heb “fathered.”
48 The Ludites were African tribes west of the Nile Delta.
49 The Anamites lived in North Africa, west of Egypt, near Cyrene.
50 The Lehabites are identified with the Libyans.
51 The Naphtuhites lived in Lower Egypt (the Nile Delta region).
52 The Pathrusites are known in Egyptian as P-to-reshi; they resided in Upper Egypt.
53 The Casluhites lived in Crete and eventually settled east of the Egyptian Delta, between Egypt and Canaan.
54 Several commentators prefer to reverse the order of the words to put this clause after the next word, since the Philistines came from Crete (where the Caphtorites lived). But the table may suggest migration rather than lineage, and the Philistines, like the Israelites, came through the Nile Delta region of Egypt. For further discussion of the origin and migration of the Philistines, see D. M. Howard, “Philistines,” Peoples of the Old Testament World, 232.
55 The Caphtorites resided in Crete, but in Egyptian literature Caphtor refers to “the region beyond” the Mediterranean.
56 Heb “fathered.”
57 Sidon was the foremost city in Phoenicia; here Sidon may be the name of its founder.
58 Some see a reference to “Hittites” here (cf. ), but this seems unlikely. See the note on the phrase “sons of Heth” in .
59 The Jebusites were the Canaanite inhabitants of ancient Jerusalem.
60 Here Amorites refers to smaller groups of Canaanite inhabitants of the mountainous regions of Palestine, rather than the large waves of Amurru, or western Semites, who migrated to the region.
61 The Girgashites are an otherwise unknown Canaanite tribe, though the name is possibly mentioned in Ugaritic texts (see G. J. Wenham, Genesis [], 1:).
62 The Hivites were Canaanite tribes of a Hurrian origin.
63 The Arkites lived in Arka, a city in Lebanon, north of Sidon.
64 The Sinites lived in Sin, another town in Lebanon.
65 The Arvadites lived in the city Arvad, located on an island near the mainland close to the river El Kebir.
66 The Zemarites lived in the town Sumur, north of Arka.
67 The Hamathites lived in Hamath on the Orontes River.

In other versions

ESVEnglish Standard Version

The beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. From that land he went into Assyria and built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah, and Resen between Nineveh and Calah; that is the great city. Egypt fathered Ludim, Anamim, Lehabim, Naphtuhim, Pathrusim, Casluhim (from whom the Philistines came), and Caphtorim.

Canaan fathered Sidon his firstborn and Heth, and the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites, the Hivites, the Arkites, the Sinites, the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. Afterward the clans of the Canaanites dispersed.

NIVNew International Version (2011)

The first centers of his kingdom were Babylon, Uruk, Akkad and Kalneh, in Shinar. From that land he went to Assyria, where he built Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir, Calah and Resen, which is between Nineveh and Calah—which is the great city.

Egypt was the father of

the Ludites, Anamites, Lehabites, Naphtuhites, Pathrusites, Kasluhites (from whom the Philistines came) and Caphtorites.

Canaan was the father of

Sidon his firstborn, and of the Hittites, Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashites, Hivites, Arkites, Sinites, Arvadites, Zemarites and Hamathites.

Later the Canaanite clans scattered

CSBChristian Standard Bible

His kingdom started with Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. From that land he went to Assyria and built Nineveh, Rehoboth-ir, Calah, and Resen, between Nineveh and the great city Calah.

Mizraim fathered the people of Lud, Anam, Lehab, Naphtuh, Pathrus, Casluh (the Philistines came from them), and Caphtor.

Canaan fathered Sidon his firstborn and Heth, as well as the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites, the Hivites, the Arkites, the Sinites, the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. Afterward the Canaanite clans scattered.

NLTNew Living Translation

He built his kingdom in the land of Babylonia, with the cities of Babylon, Erech, Akkad, and Calneh. From there he expanded his territory to Assyria, building the cities of Nineveh, Rehoboth-ir, Calah, and Resen (the great city located between Nineveh and Calah).

Mizraim was the ancestor of the Ludites, Anamites, Lehabites, Naphtuhites, Pathrusites, Casluhites, and the Caphtorites, from whom the Philistines came.

Canaan’s oldest son was Sidon, the ancestor of the Sidonians. Canaan was also the ancestor of the Hittites, Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashites, Hivites, Arkites, Sinites, Arvadites, Zemarites, and Hamathites. The Canaanite clans eventually spread out,

LEBThe Lexham English Bible

Now, the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Akkad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. From that land he went out to Assyria, and he built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah, Resen between Nineveh and Calah; that is the great city. And Egypt fathered Ludim, Anamim, Lehabim, Naphtuhim, Pathrusim, and Casluhim (from whom the Philistines came), and Caphtorim.

Canaan fathered Sidon, his firstborn, and Heth, and the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites, the Hivites, the Arkites, the Sinites, the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. Afterward the families of the Canaanites were spread abroad.

KJV 1900King James Version

And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah, And Resen between Nineveh and Calah: the same is a great city. And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim, And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim. And Canaan begat Sidon his firstborn, and Heth, And the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgasite, And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite, And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad.

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