^{29:1 (28:69)}¹ These are the words of the covenant that the Lord commanded Moses to make with the people of Israel in the land of Moab, in addition to the covenant he had made with them at Horeb.²

The Exodus, Wandering, and Conquest Reviewed

^29:2Moses proclaimed to all Israel as follows: “You have seen all that the Lord did³ in the land of Egypt to Pharaoh, all his servants, and his land. ^29:3Your eyes have seen the great judgments,⁴ those signs and mighty wonders. ^29:4But to this very day the Lord has not given you an understanding mind, perceptive eyes, or discerning ears!⁵^29:5I have led you through the desert for forty years. Your clothing has not worn out⁶ nor have your sandals⁷ deteriorated. ^29:6You have eaten no bread and drunk no wine or beer—all so that you might know that I⁸ am the Lord your God! ^29:7When you came to this place King Sihon of Heshbon and King Og of Bashan came out to make war and we defeated them. ^29:8Then we took their land and gave it as an inheritance to Reuben, Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh.

The Present Covenant Setting

^29:9“Therefore, keep the terms⁹ of this covenant and obey them so that you may be successful in everything you do. ^29:10You are standing today, all of you, before the Lord your God—the heads of your tribes,¹⁰ your elders, your officials, every Israelite man, ^29:11your infants, your wives, and the¹¹ foreigners living in your encampment, those who chop wood and those who carry water—^29:12so that you may enter by oath into the covenant the Lord your God is making with you today.¹²^29:13Today he will affirm that you are his people and that he is your God,¹³ just as he promised you and as he swore by oath to your ancestors¹⁴ Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. ^29:14It is not with you alone that I am making this covenant by oath, ^29:15but with whoever stands with us here today before the Lord our God as well as those not with us here today.¹⁵

The Results of Disobedience

^29:16“(For you know how we lived in the land of Egypt and how we crossed through the nations as we traveled. ^29:17You have seen their detestable things¹⁶ and idols of wood, stone, silver, and gold.)¹⁷^29:18Beware that the heart of no man, woman, clan, or tribe among you turns away from the Lord our God today to pursue and serve the gods of those nations; beware that there is among you no root producing poisonous and bitter fruit.¹⁸^29:19When such a person¹⁹ hears the words of this oath he secretly²⁰ blesses himself²¹ and says, “I will have peace though I continue to walk with a stubborn spirit.”²² This will destroy²³ the watered ground with the parched.²⁴^29:20The Lord will be unwilling to forgive him, and his intense anger²⁵ will rage²⁶ against that man; all the curses²⁷ written in this scroll will fall upon him²⁸ and the Lord will obliterate his name from memory.²⁹^29:21The Lord will single him out³⁰ for judgment³¹ from all the tribes of Israel according to all the curses of the covenant written in this scroll of the law. ^29:22The generation to come—your descendants who will rise up after you, as well as the foreigner who will come from distant places—will see³² the afflictions of that land and the illnesses that the Lord has brought on it. ^29:23The whole land will be covered with brimstone, salt, and burning debris; it will not be planted nor will it sprout or produce grass. It will resemble the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboiim, which the Lord destroyed in his intense anger.³³^29:24Then all the nations will ask, “Why has the Lord done all this to this land? What is this fierce, heated display of anger³⁴ all about?” ^29:25Then people will say, “Because they abandoned the covenant of the Lord, the God of their ancestors, which he made with them when he brought them out of the land of Egypt. ^29:26They went and served other gods and worshiped them, gods they did not know and that he did not permit them to worship.³⁵^29:27That is why the Lord’s anger erupted against this land, bringing on it all the curses³⁶ written in this scroll. ^29:28So the Lord has uprooted them from their land in anger, wrath, and great rage and has deported them to another land, as is clear today.” ^29:29Secret things belong to the Lord our God, but those that are revealed belong to us and our descendants³⁷ forever, so that we might obey all the words of this law.

The Results of Covenant Reaffirmation

^30:1“When you have experienced all these things, both the blessings and the curses¹ I have set before you, you will reflect upon them² in all the nations where the Lord your God has banished you. ^30:2Then if you and your descendants³ turn to the Lord your God and obey him with your whole mind and being⁴ just as⁵ I am commanding you today, ^30:3the Lord your God will reverse your captivity and have pity on you. He will turn and gather you from all the peoples among whom he⁶ has scattered you. ^30:4Even if your exiles are in the most distant land,⁷ from there the Lord your God will gather you and bring you back. ^30:5Then he⁸ will bring you to the land your ancestors⁹ possessed and you also will possess it; he will do better for you and multiply you more than he did your ancestors. ^30:6The Lord your God will also cleanse¹⁰ your heart and the hearts of your descendants¹¹ so that you may love him¹² with all your mind and being and so that you may live. ^30:7Then the Lord your God will put all these curses on your enemies, on those who hate you and persecute you. ^30:8You will return and obey the Lord, keeping all his commandments I am giving¹³ you today. ^30:9The Lord your God will make the labor of your hands¹⁴ abundantly successful and multiply your children,¹⁵ the offspring of your cattle, and the produce of your soil. For the Lord your God will once more¹⁶ rejoice over you to make you prosperous¹⁷ just as he rejoiced over your ancestors, ^30:10if you obey the Lord your God and keep his commandments and statutes that are written in this scroll of the law. But you must turn to him¹⁸ with your whole mind and being.

Exhortation to Covenant Obedience

^30:11“This commandment I am giving¹⁹ you today is not too difficult for you, nor is it too remote. ^30:12It is not in heaven, as though one must say, “Who will go up to heaven to get it for us and proclaim it to us so we may obey it?” ^30:13And it is not across the sea, as though one must say, “Who will cross over to the other side of the sea and get it for us and proclaim it to us so we may obey it?” ^30:14For the thing is very near you—it is in your mouth and in your mind²⁰ so that you can do it.

^30:15“Look! I have set before you today life and prosperity on the one hand, and death and disaster on the other. ^30:16What²¹ I am commanding you today is to love the Lord your God, to walk in his ways, and to obey his commandments, his statutes, and his ordinances. Then you will live and become numerous and the Lord your God will bless you in the land which you are about to possess.²²^30:17However, if you²³ turn aside and do not obey, but are lured away to worship and serve other gods, ^30:18I declare to you this very day that you will certainly²⁴ perish! You will not extend your time in the land you are crossing the Jordan to possess.²⁵^30:19Today I invoke heaven and earth as a witness against you that I have set life and death, blessing and curse, before you. Therefore choose life so that you and your descendants may live! ^30:20I also call on you²⁶ to love the Lord your God, to obey him and be loyal to him, for he gives you life and enables you to live continually²⁷ in the land the Lord promised to give to your ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.”

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Footnotes

1 Beginning with 29:1, the verse numbers through 29:29 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (), with 29:1 = 28:69 , 29:2 = 29:1 , 29:3 = 29:2 , etc., through 29:29 = 29:28 . With 30:1 the verse numbers in the and are again the same.
2 Horeb is another name for Mount Sinai (which some English versions substitute here for clarity, cf. , , , ).
3 The Hebrew text includes “to your eyes,” but this is redundant in English style (cf. the preceding “you have seen”) and is omitted in the translation.
4 Heb “testings.” This is a reference to the plagues; see note at .
5 Heb “a heart to know, eyes to see and ears to hear” ( similar); , “a mind to understand, or eyes to see, or ears to hear.”
6 The Hebrew text includes “on you.” This has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.
7 The Hebrew text includes “from on your feet.”
8 The reads “that he is the Lord your God.”
9 Heb “words.”
10 Heb “your heads, your tribes.” The presupposes either “heads of your tribes” or “your heads, your judges,” etc. (reading שֹׁפְטֵכֶם [shofétekhem] for שִׁבְטֵיכֶם [shivtekhem]). Its comparative difficulty favors the originality of the reading. Cf. “your captains of your tribes”; “the leaders of your tribes”; “your tribal leaders.”
11 Heb “your.”
12 Heb “for you to pass on into the covenant of the Lord your God and into his oath, which the Lord your God is cutting with you today.”
13 Heb “in order to establish you today to him for a people and he will be to you for God.” Verses 10–13 are one long sentence in Hebrew. The translation divides this into two sentences for stylistic reasons.
14 Heb “fathers” (also in v. 25).
15 This is interpreted by some English versions as a reference to generations not yet born (cf. , , ).
16 The Hebrew term שִׁקּוּץ (shiquts) refers to anything out of keeping with the nature and character of Yahweh and therefore to be avoided by his people Israel. It is commonly used with or as a synonym for תּוֹעֵבָה (to’evah, “detestable, abhorrent”; 2 Kgs 23:13; Jer 16:18; Ezek 5:11; 7:20; 11:18, 21; see note on the term “abhorrent” in ). See M. Grisanti, 4:.
17 The Hebrew text includes “which were with them.” Verses 16–17 constitute a parenthetical comment.
18 Heb “yielding fruit poisonous and wormwood.” The Hebrew noun לַעֲנָה (la’anah) literally means “wormwood” (so , , , ), but is used figuratively for anything extremely bitter, thus here “fruit poisonous and bitter.”
19 Heb “he”; the referent (the subject of the warning in v. 18) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
20 Heb “in his heart.”
21 Or “invokes a blessing on himself.” A formalized word of blessing is in view, the content of which appears later in the verse.
22 Heb “heart.”
23 Heb “thus destroying.” For stylistic reasons the translation begins a new sentence here.
24 Heb “the watered with the parched.” The word “ground” is implied. The exact meaning of the phrase is uncertain although it appears to be figurative. This appears to be a proverbial observation employing a figure of speech (a merism) suggesting totality. That is, the Israelite who violates the letter and even spirit of the covenant will harm not only himself but everything he touches—“the watered and the parched.” Cf. “you will cause the rest of Israel to be punished along with you.”
25 Heb “the wrath of the Lord and his zeal.” The expression is a hendiadys, a figure in which the second noun becomes adjectival to the first.
26 Heb “smoke,” or “smolder.”
27 Heb “the entire oath.”
28 Or “will lie in wait against him.”
29 Heb “blot out his name from under the sky.”
30 Heb “set him apart.”
31 Heb “for evil”; “for doom”; “for adversity”; “for disaster”; “for calamity.”
32 Heb “will say and see.” One expects a quotation to appear, but it seems to be omitted. To avoid confusion in the translation, the verb “will say” is omitted.
33 Heb “the anger and the wrath.” This construction is a hendiadys intended to intensify the emotion.
34 Heb “this great burning of anger”; “the heat of this great anger.”
35 Heb “did not assign to them”; , “had not allotted to them.”
36 Heb “the entire curse.”
37 Heb “sons” (so ); , , , “children.”
1 Heb “the blessing and the curse.”
2 Heb “and you bring (them) back to your heart.”
3 Heb “sons” (so ); , , , , , “children.”
4 Or “heart and soul” (also in vv. 6, 10).
5 Heb “according to all.”
6 Heb “the Lord your God.” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.
7 Heb “are at the farthest edge of the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
8 Heb “the Lord your God.” See note on the second occurrence of the word “he” in v. .
9 Heb “fathers” (also later in this verse and in vv. 9, 20).
10 Heb “circumcise” (so , , , ); “will give you and your descendents obedient hearts.” See note on the word “cleanse” in .
11 Heb “seed” (so , ).
12 Heb “the Lord your God.” See note on the second occurrence of the word “he” in v. .
13 Heb “commanding”; “which I now enjoin on you.”
14 The reads “hand” (singular). Most versions read the plural.
15 Heb “the fruit of your womb” (so , ); “of your body.”
16 Heb “return and.” The Hebrew verb is used idiomatically here to indicate the repetition of the following action.
17 The Hebrew text includes “for good.”
18 Heb “to the Lord your God.” See note on the second occurrence of the word “he” in v. .
19 Heb “commanding”; “which I enjoin on you.”
20 Heb “heart.”
21 A number of insert before this verse, “if you obey the commandments of the Lord your God,” thus translating אֲשֶׁר (’asher) as “which” and the rest as “I am commanding you today, to love,” etc., “then you will live,” etc.
22 Heb “which you are going there to possess it.” This has been simplified in the translation for stylistic reasons.
23 Heb “your heart,” as a metonymy for the person.
24 The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, which the translation indicates with “certainly.”
25 Heb “to go there to possess it.”
26 The words “I also call on you” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. In the Hebrew text vv. 19–20 are one long sentence, which the translation divides into two.
27 Heb “he is your life and the length of your days to live.”