^11:21“Then there will arise in his place a despicable person⁵² to whom the royal honor has not been rightfully conferred. He will come on the scene in a time of prosperity and will seize the kingdom through deceit. ^11:22Armies⁵³ will be suddenly⁵⁴ swept away in defeat⁵⁵ before him; both they and a covenant leader⁵⁶ will be destroyed.⁵⁷^11:23After⁵⁸ entering into an alliance with him, he will behave treacherously; he will ascend to power with only a small force.⁵⁹^11:24In a time of prosperity for the most productive areas of the province he will come and accomplish what neither his fathers nor their fathers accomplished. He will distribute loot, spoils, and property to his followers, and he will devise plans against fortified cities, but not for long.⁶⁰^11:25He will rouse his strength and enthusiasm⁶¹ against the king of the south⁶² with a large army. The king of the south will wage war with a large and very powerful army, but he will not be able to prevail because of the plans devised against him. ^11:26Those who share the king’s fine food will attempt to destroy him, and his army will be swept away;⁶³ many will be killed in battle. ^11:27These two kings, their minds⁶⁴ filled with evil intentions, will trade⁶⁵ lies with one another at the same table. But it will not succeed, for there is still an end at the appointed time. ^11:28Then the king of the north⁶⁶ will return to his own land with much property. His mind will be set against the holy covenant. He will take action, and then return to his own land. ^11:29At an appointed time he will again invade the south, but this latter visit will not turn out the way the former one did. ^11:30The ships of Kittim⁶⁷ will come against him, leaving him disheartened.⁶⁸ He will turn back and direct his indignation against the holy covenant. He will return and honor⁶⁹ those who forsake the holy covenant. ^11:31His forces⁷⁰ will rise up and profane the fortified sanctuary,⁷¹ stopping the daily sacrifice. In its place they will set up⁷² the abomination that causes desolation. ^11:32Then with smooth words he will defile⁷³ those who have rejected⁷⁴ the covenant. But the people who are loyal to⁷⁵ their God will act valiantly.⁷⁶^11:33These who are wise among the people will teach the masses.⁷⁷ However, they will fall⁷⁸ by the sword and by the flame,⁷⁹ and they will be imprisoned and plundered for some time.⁸⁰^11:34When they stumble, they will be granted some help. But many will unite with them deceitfully. ^11:35Even some of the wise will stumble, resulting in their refinement, purification, and cleansing until the time of the end, for it is still for the appointed time.

Read in Logos

Daniel 11:32: He shall seduce with flattery those who violate the covenant, but the people who know their God shall stand firm and take action.

Footnotes

52 This despicable person to whom the royal honor has not been rightfully conferred is Antiochus IV Epiphanes ( 175–164 b.c.).
53 Heb “arms.”
54 The present translation reads הִשָּׁטֹף (hishatof), Niphal infinitive absolute of שָׁטַף (shataf, “to overflow”), for the הַשֶּׁטֶף (hashetef, “flood”).
55 The words “in defeat” are added in the translation for clarification.
56 Heb “a prince of the covenant.”
57 Heb “broken” or “shattered.”
58 The preposition מִן (min) is probably temporal here (so 583 7.c; cf. , , , , ), although it could also be understood here as indicating means (so J. Goldingay, Daniel [], , n. 23a; cf. , ).
59 Heb “nation.”
60 Heb “and unto a time.”
61 Heb “heart.”
62 This king of the south was Ptolemy Philometer ( 181–145 b.c.).
63 The present translation reads יִשָׁטֵף (yishatef, passive) rather than the יִשְׁטוֹף (yishtof, active).
64 Heb “heart.” So also in v. 28.
65 Heb “speak.”
66 Heb “he”; the referent (the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
67 The name Kittim has various designations in extra-biblical literature. It can refer to a location on the island of Cyprus, or more generally to the island itself, or it can be an inclusive term to refer to parts of the Mediterranean world that lay west of the Middle East (e.g., Rome). For ships of Kittim the Greek OT () has “Romans,” an interpretation followed by a few English versions (e.g., ). A number of times in the Dead Sea Scrolls the word is used in reference to the Romans. Other English versions are more generic: “[ships] of the western coastlands” (, ); “from the west” (, ).
68 This is apparently a reference to the Roman forces, led by Gaius Popilius Laenas, which confronted Antiochus when he came to Egypt and demanded that he withdraw or face the wrath of Rome. Antiochus wisely withdrew from Egypt, albeit in a state of bitter frustration.
69 Heb “show regard for.”
70 Heb “arms.”
71 Heb “the sanctuary, the fortress.”
72 Heb “will give.”
73 Or “corrupt.”
74 Heb “acted wickedly toward.”
75 Heb “know.” The term “know” sometimes means “to recognize.” In relational contexts it can have the connotation “recognize the authority of, be loyal to,” as it does here.
76 This is an allusion to the Maccabean revolt, which struggled to bring about Jewish independence in the second century B.C.
77 Heb “the many.”
78 Heb “stumble.”
79 Or “by burning.”
80 Heb “days.”