^36:1“As for you, son of man, prophesy to the mountains of Israel, and say: ‘O mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord! ^36:2This is what the sovereign Lord says: The enemy has spoken against you, saying “Aha!” and, “The ancient heights¹ have become our property!” ’ ^36:3So prophesy and say: ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Surely because they have made you desolate and crushed you from all directions, so that you have become the property of the rest of the nations, and have become the subject of gossip² and slander among the people, ^36:4therefore, O mountains of Israel, hear the word of the sovereign Lord: This is what the sovereign Lord says to the mountains and hills, the ravines and valleys, and to the desolate ruins and the abandoned cities that have become prey and an object of derision to the rest of the nations round about—^36:5therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Surely I have spoken in the fire of my zeal against the rest of the nations, and against all Edom, who with great joy and utter contempt have made my land their property and prey, because of its pasture.’

^36:6“Therefore prophesy concerning the land of Israel, and say to the mountains and hills, the ravines and valleys, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I have spoken in my zeal and in my anger, because you have endured the insults of the nations. ^36:7So this is what the sovereign Lord says: I vow³ that the nations around you will endure insults as well.

^36:8“ ‘But you, mountains of Israel, will grow your branches, and bear your fruit for my people Israel; for they will arrive soon.⁴^36:9For indeed, I am on your side;⁵ I will turn to you, and you will be plowed and planted. ^36:10I will multiply your people⁶—the whole house of Israel, all of it. The cities will be populated and the ruins rebuilt. ^36:11I will increase the number of people and animals on you; they will increase and be fruitful.⁷ I will cause you to be inhabited as in ancient times, and will do more good for you than at the beginning of your history.⁸ Then you will know that I am the Lord. ^36:12I will lead people, my people Israel, across you; they will possess you and you will become their inheritance. No longer will you bereave them of their children.

^36:13“ ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Because they are saying to you, “You are a devourer of men, and bereave your nation of children,” ^36:14therefore you will no longer devour people and no longer bereave your nation of children, declares the sovereign Lord. ^36:15I will no longer subject you to⁹ the nations’ insults; no longer will you bear the shame of the peoples, and no longer will you bereave¹⁰ your nation, declares the sovereign Lord.’ ”

^36:16The word of the Lord came to me: ^36:17“Son of man, when the house of Israel was living on their own land, they defiled it by their behavior¹¹ and their deeds. In my sight their behavior was like the uncleanness of a woman having her monthly period. ^36:18So I poured my anger on them¹² because of the blood they shed on the land and because of the idols with which they defiled it.¹³^36:19I scattered them among the nations; they were dispersed throughout foreign countries. In accordance with their behavior and their deeds I judged them. ^36:20But when they arrived in the nations where they went, they profaned my holy name. It was said of them, ‘These are the people of the Lord, yet they have departed from his land.’ ^36:21I was concerned for my holy reputation¹⁴ which the house of Israel profaned among the nations where they went.

^36:22“Therefore say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: It is not for your sake that I am about to act, O house of Israel, but for the sake of my holy reputation¹⁵ which you profaned among the nations where you went. ^36:23I will magnify¹⁶ my great name that has been profaned among the nations, that you have profaned among them. The nations will know that I am the Lord, declares the sovereign Lord, when I magnify myself among you in their sight.

^36:24“ ‘I will take you from the nations and gather you from all the countries; then I will bring you to your land. ^36:25I will sprinkle you with pure water¹⁷ and you will be clean from all your impurities. I will purify you from all your idols. ^36:26I will give you a new heart, and I will put a new spirit within you. I will remove the heart of stone¹⁸ from your body and give you a heart of flesh.¹⁹^36:27I will put my Spirit within you;²⁰ I will take the initiative and you will obey my statutes²¹ and carefully observe my regulations.²²^36:28Then you will live in the land I gave to your fathers; you will be my people, and I will be your God.²³^36:29I will save you from all your uncleanness. I will call for the grain and multiply it; I will not bring a famine on you. ^36:30I will multiply the fruit of the trees and the produce of the fields, so that you will never again suffer the disgrace of famine among the nations. ^36:31Then you will remember your evil behavior²⁴ and your deeds which were not good; you will loathe yourselves on account of your sins and your abominable deeds. ^36:32Understand that²⁵ it is not for your sake I am about to act, declares the sovereign Lord. Be ashamed and embarrassed by your behavior, O house of Israel.

^36:33“ ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: In the day I cleanse you from all your sins, I will populate the cities and the ruins will be rebuilt. ^36:34The desolate land will be plowed, instead of being desolate in the sight of everyone who passes by. ^36:35They will say, “This desolate land has become like the garden of Eden; the ruined, desolate, and destroyed cities are now fortified and inhabited.” ^36:36Then the nations which remain around you will know that I, the Lord, have rebuilt the ruins and replanted what was desolate. I, the Lord, have spoken—and I will do it!’

^36:37“This is what the sovereign Lord says: I will allow the house of Israel to ask me to do this for them:²⁶ I will multiply their people like sheep.²⁷^36:38Like the sheep for offerings, like the sheep of Jerusalem²⁸ during her appointed feasts, so will the ruined cities be filled with flocks of people. Then they will know that I am the Lord.”

The Valley of Dry Bones

^37:1The hand¹ of the Lord was on me, and he brought me out by the Spirit of the Lord and placed² me in the midst of the valley, and it was full of bones. ^37:2He made me walk all around among them.³ I realized⁴ there were a great many bones in the valley and they were very dry. ^37:3He said to me, “Son of man, can these bones live?” I said to him, “Sovereign Lord, you know.” ^37:4Then he said to me, “Prophesy over these bones, and tell them: ‘Dry bones, hear the word of the Lord. ^37:5This is what the sovereign Lord says to these bones: Look, I am about to infuse breath⁵ into you and you will live. ^37:6I will put tendons⁶ on you and muscles over you and will cover you with skin; I will put breath⁷ in you and you will live. Then you will know that I am the Lord.’ ”

^37:7So I prophesied as I was commanded. There was a sound when I prophesied—I heard⁸ a rattling, and the bones came together, bone to bone. ^37:8As I watched, I saw⁹ tendons on them, then muscles appeared,¹⁰ and skin covered over them from above, but there was no breath¹¹ in them.

^37:9He said to me, “Prophesy to the breath,¹²—prophesy, son of man—and say to the breath: ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe on these corpses so that they may live.’ ” ^37:10So I prophesied as I was commanded, and the breath came into them; they lived and stood on their feet, an extremely great army.

^37:11Then he said to me, “Son of man, these bones are all the house of Israel. Look, they are saying, ‘Our bones are dry, our hope has perished; we are cut off.’ ^37:12Therefore prophesy, and tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to open your graves and will raise you from your graves, my people. I will bring you to the land of Israel. ^37:13Then you will know that I am the Lord, when I open your graves and raise you from your graves, my people. ^37:14I will place my breath¹³ in you and you will live; I will give you rest in your own land. Then you will know that I am the Lord—I have spoken and I will act, declares the Lord.’ ”

^37:15The word of the Lord came to me: ^37:16“As for you, son of man, take one branch, and write on it, ‘For Judah, and for the Israelites associated with him.’ Then take another branch and write on it, ‘For Joseph, the branch of Ephraim and all the house of Israel associated with him.’ ^37:17Join¹⁴ them as one stick;¹⁵ they will be as one in your hand. ^37:18When your people¹⁶ say to you, ‘Will you not tell us what these things mean?’ ^37:19tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to take the branch of Joseph which is in the hand of Ephraim and the tribes of Israel associated with him, and I will place them on the stick of Judah,¹⁷ and make them into one stick—they will be one in my hand.’¹⁸^37:20The sticks you write on will be in your hand in front of them. ^37:21Then tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to take the Israelites from among the nations where they have gone. I will gather them from round about and bring them to their land. ^37:22I will make them one nation in the land, on the mountains of Israel, and one king will rule over them all. They will never again be two nations and never again be divided into two kingdoms.¹⁹^37:23They will not defile themselves with their idols, their detestable things, and all their rebellious deeds. I will save them from all their unfaithfulness²⁰ by which they sinned. I will purify them; they will become my people and I will become their God.

^37:24“ ‘My servant David will be king over them; there will be one shepherd for all of them. They will follow²¹ my regulations and carefully observe my…

Read in Logos

This passage has been shortened. Keep reading Ezekiel 36–37 in Logos

Footnotes

1 Or “high places.”
2 Heb “lip of the tongue.”
3 Heb “I lifted up my hand.”
4 Heb “they draw near to arrive.”
5 Heb “I (am) toward you.”
6 Heb “I will multiply on you human(s).”
7 These verbs occur together in Gen 1:22, 28; 9:1.
8 Heb “your beginning.”
9 Heb “cause you to hear.”
10 The reads תַכְשִׁלִי (takhshiliy), a metathesis for תַשְׁכִלִי (tashkhiliy) from the root שָׁכַל (shakhal) which is used in each of the previous verses.
11 Heb “way.”
13 For the concept of defiling the land in legal literature, see Lev 18:28; Deut 21:23.
14 Heb “name.”
15 In Ezek 20:22 God refrained from punishment for the sake of his holy name. Here God’s reputation is the basis for Israel’s restoration.
16 Or “sanctify,” Heb “make holy.”
17 The Lord here uses a metaphor from the realm of ritual purification. For the use of water in ritual cleansing, see Exod 30:19–20; Lev 14:51; Num 19:18; Heb 10:22.
18 That is, a heart which symbolizes a will that is stubborn and unresponsive (see 1 Sam 25:37). In Rabbinic literature a “stone” was associated with an evil inclination ( Sukkah 52a).
19 That is, a heart which symbolizes a will that is responsive and obedient to God.
20 Or “in the midst of you.” The word “you” is plural.
21 Heb “and I will do that which in my statutes you will walk.” The awkward syntax (verb “to do, act” + accusative sign + relative clause + prepositional phrase + second person verb) is unique, though Eccl 3:14 contains a similar construction. In the last line of that verse we read that “God acts so that (relative pronoun) they fear before him.” However, unlike Ezek 36:27, the statement has no accusative sign before the relative pronoun.
22 Heb “and my laws you will guard and you will do them.” Jer 31:31–34 is parallel to this passage.
23 This promise reflects the ancient covenantal ideal (see Exod 6:7).
24 Heb “ways.”
25 Heb “Let it be known.”
26 The Niphal verb may have a tolerative function here, “Again (for) this I will allow myself to be sought by the house of Israel to act for them.” Or it may be reflexive: “I will reveal myself to the house of Israel by doing this also.”
27 Heb “I will multiply them like sheep, human(s).”
28 For location see ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
1 Or “power.” Hand in the OT can refer metaphorically to power, authority, or influence. In Ezekiel God’s hand being on the prophet is regularly associated with communication or a vision from God (3:14, 22; 8:1; 37:1; 40:1).
2 Heb “caused me to rest.”
3 Heb “and he made me pass over them, around, around.”
4 The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and is here translated as “I realized” because it results from Ezekiel’s recognition of the situation around him. In Hebrew, the exclamation is repeated in the following sentence.
5 Heb “I am about to bring a spirit.”
6 The exact physiological meaning of the term is uncertain. In addition to v. 8, the term occurs only in Gen 32:33; Job 10:11; 40:17; and Jer 48:4.
7 Or “a spirit.”
8 The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
9 The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
10 Heb “came up.”
11 Or “spirit.”
12 Or “spirit,” and several times in this verse.
13 Or “spirit.” This is likely an allusion to Gen 2 and God’s breath which creates life.
14 Heb “bring near.”
15 Heb “one to one for you for one stick.”
16 Heb “the sons of your people.”
17 Heb “I will place them on it, that is, on the stick of Judah.”
18 The reunification of Israel and Judah is envisioned as well in Ezek 33:23, 29; Jer 3:18; 23:5–6; Hos 1:11; Amos 9:11.
19 Jeremiah also attested to the reuniting of the northern and southern kingdoms (Jer 3:12, 14; 31:2–6).
20 Heb “their dwellings.” The text as it stands does not make sense. Based on the , a slight emendation of two vowels, including a mater, yields the reading “from their turning,” a reference here to their turning from God and deviating from his commandments. See 1000 מְשׁוּבָה, and D. I. Block, Ezekiel (), 2:.
21 Heb “walk [in].”

Cross references

12 See Ezek 7:8; 9:8; 14:19; 20:8, 13, 21; 22:22; 30:15.