as moral agents, and they believe that such autonomy is essential to morality. This criticism can be developed in a stronger or weaker form. In the strong form, the charge is that morality, to be recognized as morality at all, must be based on reasons or arguments that humans can recognize for themselves.[15] So, for example, for James Rachels, a DCT does not even qualify as a moral theory, because morality requires moral agents to base their actions on reasons and arguments that they have autonomously