acknowledge the insufficiency of the law and their need for justification, i.e., that they were sinners before God just as the Gentiles were (Phil 3:4–11). Galatians 2:17 continues to demonstrate the inadequacy of the law as a means of justification. Paul uses the pre-conversion status of these Jews (himself included) as a proof that justification came through faith in Christ apart from the works of the law. He writes: “But if, in our endeavor to be justified in Christ, we too were found to be sinners,