The is/ought or naturalistic fallacy occurs when a person comes to a conclusion about the way things ought to be on the basis of how things are or are assumed to be. It is coming to an “ought” from an “is.” Unfortunately this is a very common fallacy that is used by people to justify everything from the use of hymnals in our churches to acting selfishly in our decision-making. Example #1—Pastor: “This Sunday we are going to be led in worship by our youth group. They won’t be using the hymnals as