came to think of God as Sadist as too anthropomorphic. Such a God would not make a universe, or offer baits like love or laughter. How did Lewis reconcile God’s goodness with his own painful episode of doubt? By his own account, Lewis came to recognize anew that a good God may subject his creations to pain, even intense pain, in order to remake them in his image. But “the terrible thing,” Lewis wrote, “is that a perfectly good God is in this matter hardly less formidable than a Cosmic Sadist. The