been created through the Word (δι ̓ αὑτοῦ). Tobin also observes that Jn 1:4–5 implies an antithesis between light and darkness,1 something that seems to go beyond the plain statements of Gen. 1:2–4. Whereas Genesis only speaks of God separating the light from the darkness, the Johannine Prologue evidently presupposes conflict and hostility. Furthermore, Jn 1:4 states that ‘life’ was in the Word,2 another idea that is not expressed in Genesis 1. Both of these ideas are clarified by Philo’s exegesis,