to believers Paul uses the present rather than the aorist tense (3:22; 4:5, 11, 24; 9:33; 10:4, 10–11; 15:13; 1 Cor 1:21; 14:22; 2 Cor 4:13; Gal 3:22; Phil 1:29; 1 Thess 1:7; 2:10, 13; also Eph 1:19; aorist in 2 Thess 1:10). The significance presumably is that in such passages he wishes to focus not solely on the initial act of faith but on faith as a continuing orientation and motivation for life. For πίστις see on 1:17. The emphasis on “all who believe” has the ring of a “war cry” (Michel) and