LESSON 2 The following three classes of consonants should be noted particularly, (1) Labials: π, β, φ. (2) Gutturals, or palatals: κ, γ, χ. (3) Dentals: τ, δ, θ. (a) A labial with s (πς, βς, φς) makes ψ. (b) A guttural with s (κς, γς, χς) makes ξ. (c) The dental with s is dropped, but in the case of δς, makes ζ. (d) The letter ν becomes μ before labials; thus σύνφημι (lit. together to say, i.e., to agree) becomes σύμφημι. It becomes γ before gutturals; thus συνχαίρω (to rejoice with) becomes