By 1790, missionary activity in Africa had reached a low point. The earliest new attempts to spread Christianity among Africans began at the Cape of Good Hope, where there had been white settlers since the mid-17th century. In 1792 the Moravians revived their mission at Baviaanskloof (Genadendal), Western Cape, followed by the Nederlandsche Zendinggenootschap at Bethelsdorp, under the controversial Dutchman Johannes van der Kemp (1747–1811), and the London Missionary Society