sayings: “Without the church as mother one cannot have God as father” and “Outside of the church there is no salvation.” It should be noted, however, that Cyprian refused to acknowledge any one bishop as head or bishop over all others. He reluctantly agreed that the bishop of Rome was “first among equals,” but he regarded this as merely an honorary title. In summary, Cyprian “helped create the orthodox-catholic episcopal ecclesiology that centers around bishops. It is an ecclesiology accepted by the Eastern