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The Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (TDNT) is one of the few agreed upon standard reference works in the area of New Testament studies. The depth and breadth of the information contained within the pages of the ten-volume print edition are well worth the cost, weight, and shelf space that they require. This electronic edition has several enhancements that make TDNT more usable than...

the end-time, or the spiritual children of the teacher or the righteous, is not at all certain. There are in the passage many echoes of the OT with fig. ref. to birthpangs → 669, 13 ff. The familiar terms are also used, esp. חבלים and משׁברים along with צירים, but the meaning of the two former words is obscure.37 The only sure pt. is that the afflictions of the end-time are in view. The community lives under pressures which it regards as a prelude to the Messianic age. There are many testimonies