were taught a classical curriculum, a version of that used in ancient Greece and Rome and based on the Seven Liberal Arts. Knowledge of these arts had survived in the West in manuscripts—copied and recopied—of Boethius and other Roman scholars. The seven “arts” were divided into the trivium: grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic (logic)—and the quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. For centuries following the fall of Rome, those students fortunate enough to get any sort of education