spiritual, intelligent being (angelic or human) that is not ordered by grace to the beatific vision: that is, to deification. The third, with equal clarity, shows papal rejection of such a view, which was considered to be lurking in de Lubac and many others. Defenders of de Lubac who deny that he was implicated in this statement by Pius XII are surely wrong, and critics who insist that he was, are surely correct. Yet this of course leaves the theological issue open: it is hard to read de Lubac’s