This resource notes that a key aspect of preparing for the battle with Jericho is spiritual rather than military. The people are spiritually prepared through circumcision and through the remembrance of Passover (Josh 5:2–9, 10–12). In Joshua 5:13–15, the focus shifts from the Israelites to their leader, Joshua. Ready to head into battle, he asks the LORD’S commander a military question: “Are you for us or for our adversaries?” The UBS Handbook on the Book of Joshua says the most literal translation