Jewish Christians in the audience, as does 16:7–11. And the knowledge of the LXX required to make sense of some of Paul’s arguments, for example in chs. 1–4 and 9–11, suggests that there were in the audience some Jewish Christians and some Gentile Christians who had been among the God-fearers, that is, Gentiles who had attended synagogue services but had not fully converted to Judaism. In sum, Paul as the apostle to the Gentiles is primarily addressing Gentile Christians in Rome, although he is happy