believe that matter and energy, the basic “stuff” that composes all the entities of the natural universe, are all that there is. It is not caused to exist or composed of anything else. Everything that exists, kangaroos, stars, candy bars, and people are all entirely made of matter and energy. There are some exceptions to the above. A few humanists, like Brand Blanshard,29 are idealists, wherein what is ultimate is not matter but the “Absolute,” a non-material kind of pantheistic entity. Others believe