Chomskyan deep structure? Unfortunately, this is not much different from langue; it merely refers to absolutely basic rules that then make other linguistic variants possible. So when Beker uses the term ‘deep’ he is really just supplying a spatial metaphor for profundity. And other scholars have frequently used spatial metaphors at this point as well, speaking, for example, of Paul’s ‘middle’ or ‘centre’. Indeed, plenty of analogous metaphors have also been supplied here: organic and biological ones that