By the time the Pastoral Epistles (1–2 Timothy; Titus) were written, however, it appears that there were two established offices in the church—overseers (or bishops) and deacons. In fact, overseers and deacons are also mentioned in Paul’s earlier letter to the Philippians. In his opening greeting he addresses “all the saints in Christ Jesus who are at Philippi, with the overseers and deacons” (Phil. 1:1). In 1 Timothy 3, Paul gives qualifications
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