reckoned the people would be happy so long as they had ‘bread and circuses’ so church leaders may rely on the entertainment culture of the circus. Peter Adam makes the point that from the seventh century to the twelfth century there was a movement that said that ordinary people could not understand preaching, so the best way to communicate with them was by statues, stained-glass windows and pictures. But, as the Reformers discovered, it failed. ‘(I)t produced people who knew the gospel stories, but