political, administrative, military, religious and educational and the very existence of the city and the spread of cities were caused by the need for these functions and by the people carrying them out.32 Cities dominated the political, cultural and economic life of empires and societies. It is crucial to define city correctly, especially in contrast to huge, contemporary urban centers. A city in antiquity, as an administrative center, could be what we today would call a large village or town, but
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