presence of God, but that presence was normally located in the temple. We shall see, however, that even in this matter Jewish tradition was complex and that the temple was often problematic, especially in apocalyptic literature. Much of Jewish apocalyptic literature was inspired by three major crises that befell Jerusalem and its temple. The first was the destruction of city and temple in the Babylonian era. While the literature of this period is prophetic rather than apocalyptic, it develops already