Proverbs: A Commentary (Biblia.com)

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Through translation, technical notes, and insightful commentary, Richard Clifford sheds new understanding on Proverbs. By focusing on the rhetoric of Proverbs, Clifford demonstrates how the book fosters a lifelong search for wisdom, and enables readers to see how the instructions and sayings are concerned with contemporary issues.

A literal rendering of v. 22b, “a fool when he is sated with food,” is misleading. “To be sated with food” (śāba‘ leḥem) in Job 27:14; Prov. 12:11; 20:13 expresses the fulfillment that comes from virtue, not simply feeling sated with food. The translation “rejected woman” (lit., “hated woman”) in v. 23, is disputed. Some commentators (Delitzsch, Toy, and Plöger) believe the term refers to an older unmarried woman who, contrary to expectation, finds a husband. Others suggest “hated” is a technical

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