The Preacher repeats the warning of verse 2, and then introduces another dimension—the messenger of God. The identity of the messenger is not revealed in the passage. Although the Hebrew can also be rendered as ‘angel’, it is likely that the Preacher is referring to a Temple messenger who collected unfulfilled vows on behalf of the priest. Simply to fob him off with, ‘I’m sorry, it was all a mistake’, will not work—the vow has not been made to him but to God! The
Ecclesiastes 5:4–6