all citizens; but concerning the citizens, he asserts emphatically that they really are in the church, just as the particular members are. He writes that all of history “always places the political rule within the church.”10 In §32 he repeats: “It cannot be denied that the Christian magistrate has some general power in ecclesiastical matters.”11 Bernardinus de Moor cites this view without any reservation in 1771.12 The very same position is taken by Voetius,13 Walaeus,14 and likewise Rivet.15 Calvin