valuable clues for establishing the date, place of origin, and types of the text that they reproduce. By way of example, Cyprian, a Christian preacher who lived in North Africa about A.D. 250, quoted extensively from a Latin version. His quotations agree closely with the readings of k, an Old Latin manuscript of the fourth or fifth century. The agreement shows that k contains a type of text that must have been current in North Africa in the middle of the third century, and that consequently antedated