Israel.”5 It is God’s marking out of those who are “Jews by birth” from non-Jews, that is, from “Gentile sinners.” Unlike Sanders and traditional Pauline interpretation, which see justification by faith as a distinctly Pauline and un-Jewish conviction, Dunn thinks Paul and his Christian Jewish opponents would have agreed on this issue. Where they would disagree is over the role of “works of law.” Prior to Sanders, this referred to Jewish legalism, doing works in order to be saved.