By L. ELLIOTT BINNS The Old Testament of our English Bible is translated from what is known as the Massoretic Text of the Hebrew. This text was the fruit of the long labours of the scribes and Massoretes (see below), and represents a single type of text which has successfully crushed all Hebrew rivals. As a result the textual criticism of the Old Testament is a much simpler matter than that of the New, for which many varieties of text and reading have come down to