By JOHN C. H. HOW (1) The Title (1:1).—The book is really anonymous, as ‘Malachi’ is probably not a personal name but an echo of 3:1 ‘my messenger,’ which is what the word Malachi in Hebrew means. The LXX endorses this view in the title: Oracle of the word of the Lord against Israel by the hand of his messenger. It is idle to speculate as to the identity of the writer. Jewish tradition preserved in the Targum assigned the work to Ezra: ‘By the hand of my messenger whose name is called Ezra