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Galatians: A Commentary is unavailable, but you can change that!

This commentary traces Paul’s theology as it unfolds in his letter to the church at Galatia, and illuminates how the Galatians likely received and comprehended it. The author asks readers to imagine themselves as silent witnesses to Paul’s dictation of the letter and to observe, through a historical perspective, how Christians at Galatia might have understood Paul’s words.

4:8: You were slaves [douleuō] of beings not gods by nature. 4:9: You want to be slaves [douleuō] once more of ta stoicheia. In 4:9, Paul equates the stoicheia with the “beings not gods by nature” in 4:8: both are served as slaves (douleuō). He makes this equation without further explanation or justification to his Galatian audience. As Martyn (397) writes, “Paul is able to assume some retrospective comprehension on their part when he links these elements with gods they worshiped before his arrival.”
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