promises. Once they were outside the covenant, with no claims on the promises of God (Eph. 2:12); but now, in Christ, they share the promises of God with the believing Jews. In Romans 11:13–15, Paul explains that believing Gentiles share in the spiritual riches that God gave to Israel. But in Romans 11:1–12, Paul explains that God has not, because of the church, negated His promises to Israel. The church today shares in the spiritual riches of Israel, but one day God will restore His people and fulfill