Hellenistic or Greek dualism—as in so much Greek philosophy, a strong separation of body and spirit. And in some wings of Greek philosophy, only the spirit mattered, because only the spirit would survive death—so it was believed. That could lead, ironically, to two diametrically opposite reactions. In today’s world, we can understand one of those reactions that people would simply indulge the flesh because one day they would be rid of it. Interestingly, in the ancient world, that was the minority