This one is just fascinating. It makes very clear that the Messiah who is to come is expected to lead Israel in war against the Romans, where he will not only defeat the Roman army but even kill the Roman emperor himself. We see this in an exegesis of Isa 10:34–11:5. Part of it reads this way, and I’m reading from 4Q285: … just as it is written in the book of Isaiah the prophet, “And the thickets of the forest shall be cut down with an ax, and Lebanon with its majestic trees will fall. A shoot shall