Why use the concept of ‘kingdom’? Though the term ‘kingdom’ occurs infrequently in Isaiah, the concept is integral throughout. First, the book regularly refers to God with titles like ‘king’ (melek),2 ‘lord’ (’ădōnāy)3 and ‘YHWH (Lord) of hosts’ (yhwh ṣĕbā’ôt).4 Second, concepts related to kingdom, such as the throne, tribute, warfare, glory, and justice and righteousness, arise throughout Isaiah. Third, passages highlighting God’s kingship occur at strategic points throughout
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