the wider biblical narrative concerning the acts of God and the proper response that is required. Related to the above point is the understanding of ingratitude as one of the distinguishing marks of non-believers. In Romans 1:21, unbelieving Gentiles were condemned since ‘they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him’. Similarly, in the vice list of 2 Timothy 3:1–5, ‘ungrateful’ is mentioned together with ‘unholy’. The understanding of ungratefulness as one of the cardinal acts of disobedience
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