Unless there is a dominant feature or property to which we can refer that sums up human identity, or a feature or property to which all other human properties reduce, it is not clear that the views above are sufficient in themselves. Instead, all of them require and depend on a particular kind of substance, a substance that sums up what it means to be human. In other words, capacities, relations, and functional relations are dependent on a substance. J. P. Moreland expresses this quite well: There